Legendary Japanese magic trick manufacturer Tenyo has also innovated the Boomerang Illusion. Her routine involves audience participation and at the end of the proceedings, both the magician and the spectator are left with two boomerangs that are actually different in size. Top of the Bill is a Close-Up Illusion where the boomerangs are cut-outs from a variety poster with Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy printed on them. Terri Rogers, an English ventriloquist and magician, has created many routines based on geometry and has also produced an original contribution to the Boomerang Illusion. The same routine was also published by Dale Price in M-U-M in 2000. They are marketed as colour changing boomerangs, but the routines also include the traditional size changes. The booklet contains three small plastic boomerangs and instructions for six routines. George Murray and Tom Jorgenson published a sleight of hand version through Nielsen Magic in 1990. In Monkey Puzzle the two bananas become the face of a monkey, in Butterfly Puzzle the caterpillars become a butterfly and in Fishy Tale two fish are eventually eaten by a cat. He introduced a theatrical innovation by adding a drawing on the back using both arches. Scottish creative force in magic Ian Adair has developed several versions to be performed for children using fish, caterpillars and bananas. It consists of two acrylic boomerangs with a small handle which can be used to demonstrate the optical illusion and combine it with the Paddle Move to show colour changes. This version adds another dimension by turning the arches into a paddle trick. Over the past century, a wide variety of versions of this illusion has been published and marketed under many different names.Ī rare and interesting innovation to the Boomerang Illusion is the Pad-O-Rang, developed around 1955 by Hollywood magician Merv Taylor. The boomerang illusion has been performed by magicians for almost as long as it has been studied by psychologists. Overlapping the segments or moving them too far apart destroys the illusion. He also found that the illusion is strongest when the segments are horizontal and that the ideal distance is just above each other. The cut angle is most effective at zero degrees, which occurs when the line extends through the centre of the circle segments. The ideal opening angle was found to be 80 degrees. He also found that the inner radius should be 60% of the outer radius to achieve the maximum effect. Imai found that the maximum reported difference was about ten percent. Imai showed different versions of the illusion to a group of people and asked them to rate the perceived difference in size. He also looked at whether the distance between the two shapes, or whether they are horizontally or vertically influences the strength of the illusion. He varied the inner and outer radius, the opening angle of the segment, and the angle of the ends. Some research on optimizing the visual effect has also been done Japanese psychologist Shogu Imai experimented with different versions of the Wundt Illusion in 1960 to find out which combination of measurements creates the strongest illusion. The psychological mechanism that causes this illusion is still a matter of discussion amongst researchers. The Jastrow Illusion has even been tested with chimpanzees to find out how our perception functions. It has also been used to test whether people with brain damage have a full field of vision. This optical illusion has been used by psychologists to investigate how we perceive the size of things. Psychologists often refer to it as the Jastrow-Wundt illusion of size. The same illusion was published earlier by Felix Müller-Lyer in 1889 and by Wilhelm Wundt a few years later. The optical illusion is often credited to Professor Joseph Jastrow, a pioneering psychologist who studied optical illusions at the end of the nineteenth century.
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